<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://livinglateantiquity.org/items/browse?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=12&amp;sort_field=added" accessDate="2026-10-24T23:40:15+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>12</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>207</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="142" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="148">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/f5eaffe11f83d0df4d1edb3438c880bb.tiff</src>
        <authentication>673e2926f5123a0fdfc269e332dff564</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="585">
                <text>Dance of the Four Seasons Mosaic, Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, Caelian Hill, Rome</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="610">
                <text>Created in the late 3rd century, after the consolidation of this domus but before the arrival of the pious senator Pammachius and his wife, this mosaic, in the "Room of the Nude Genii," depicts the dance of the Four Seasons personified, surrounded by putti serenely gathering a harvest of grapes. This image, among others in this house on the Caelian Hill, best exemplifies how traditional, aristocratic Roman ideology, steeped in the benign concept of the agricultural wealth of nature, could be retained by early Christians. The need for this kind of shared Roman heritage was especially true, given the role of the aristocratic house as the presentation of their "public" Roman persona. Placed alongside the private devotional cult in the stairwell, Roman imagery such as this renders more multilayered the overall worldview of Roman Christians.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="611">
                <text>Ana Munk</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="612">
                <text>Ana Munk. "Domestic Piety in Fourth Century Rome: A Relic Shrine Beneath the Church of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo." &lt;em&gt;Hortus Artium Medievalium&lt;/em&gt; 15, no. 1. 2009.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="614">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="615">
                <text>Photo taken by Ana Munk; non-commercial use permission granted</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="143" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="149">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/8eac15b2315c63219d9c36b69dc24bbd.tiff</src>
        <authentication>bbe7aba2ff2cd89833e76142ca8434cc</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="586">
                <text>Mosaic Depicting Paulina and possibly Rufina, her younger sister</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="616">
                <text>Paulina, as matriarch of the household and probably motivator behind the construction of this private space, beckons the observer to worship with her outstretched arm. This image was located in the lower register of the right side of the shrine and underscores the intimate nature of household piety. A confidant of St Jerome, Paulina was part of a family of holy women, including her two sisters Blessila and Eustochium and her mother. Interestingly, Rufina, depicted here, was not listed by Jerome as saints.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="617">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="618">
                <text>Photo taken by Ana Munk; permission granted for non-commercial, educational use</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="619">
                <text>Ana Munk</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1166">
                <text>Ana Munk. "Domestic Piety in Fourth Century Rome: A Relic Shrine Beneath the Church of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo." &lt;em&gt;Hortus Artium Medievalium&lt;/em&gt; 15, no. 1. 2009.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="144" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="150">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/2f70f8e4ec0831ce4fc6a8f4c11f3ad7.tiff</src>
        <authentication>6bc2eb0dbb10235a3370950daff18ca7</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="587">
                <text>Apis Bull Mosaic, Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, Caelian Hill, Rome</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="620">
                <text>Like the Mosaic of the Four Seasons, this mosaic depicting most likely the popular cult of the Romanized Apis Bull was not whitewashed when Pammachius' family gained the household. Quite popular in the 4th century, and part of Rome's many acceptable cults, Munk plausibly suggests the senator left the image up as a concession to his pagan uncle Lampadius. As a venerable cult image, the Apis Bull underscores, more than the image of the Four Seasons even, the complexities of private devotion in late antique Rome. Apparently a devoutly Christian aristocratic couple felt comfortable with this concession in their own home.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="621">
                <text>Ana Munk</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="622">
                <text>Ana Munk. "Domestic Piety in Fourth Century Rome: A Relic Shrine Beneath the Church of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo." &lt;em&gt;Hortus Artium Medievalium&lt;/em&gt; 15, no. 1. 2009.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="623">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="624">
                <text>Photo taken by Ana Munk; permission granted for non-commercial, educative use</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="145" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="151">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/6bfa9aa625efa585429776eb6d81a39f.tiff</src>
        <authentication>3956c034451c95836dc5a82c295eb1f8</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="588">
                <text>Mosaic Depicting Senator Pammachius Making An Offering</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625">
                <text>On the wall facing that of his wife, senator Pammachius was depicted on the left side of the shrine. In another show of private, domestic devotion to the resident saints, the senator was shown making an perfume offering, most likely balsam - the scent of Paradise. After the death of his wife, Pammachius withdrew from "the world," leaving the public world of the Roman aristocracy, and practiced a semi-monastic lifestyle in his home. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="626">
                <text>Ana Munk</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="627">
                <text>Ana Munk. "Domestic Piety in Fourth Century Rome: A Relic Shrine Beneath the Church of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo." &lt;em&gt;Hortus Artium Medievalium&lt;/em&gt; 15, no. 1. 2009.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="629">
                <text>Photo taken by Ana Munk; permission granted for educative, non-commercial use</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="146" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="152">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/552f363698b794fe0931754a0ea55ed8.tiff</src>
        <authentication>41330f6643c89df754392c2365626bfe</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="589">
                <text>Reconstructed Cross-Section of Martyrium in Staircase Landing, c. 385-410</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630">
                <text>This is an architectural rendering of the added landing in the stairs for the martyrium, built c. 385-410, by Pammachius and Paulina.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="631">
                <text>Revised by Ana Munk and based on Colini 1944</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="632">
                <text>Ana Munk. "Domestic Piety in Fourth Century Rome: A Relic Shrine Beneath the Church of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo." &lt;em&gt;Hortus Artium Medievalium&lt;/em&gt; 15, no. 1. 2009.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="633">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="634">
                <text>Derived from Ana Munk; permission granted for non-commercial, educational purposes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>Domestic Living</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="82">
        <name>Domus</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>Italy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="103">
        <name>Martyrium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="18">
        <name>Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>Sacred Spaces</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="147" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="153">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/c31d068cd4b0d5825c9457ba5afb7006.tiff</src>
        <authentication>22723d5ee045d228822d9853dadf24c6</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="590">
                <text>Aerial Reconstruction of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, With Positioning of Staircase Visible</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="635">
                <text>This is the floor plan of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, showing the improvised nature of the staircase landing and its overall positioning within the domus.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="636">
                <text>Ana Munk</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="637">
                <text>Ana Munk. "Domestic Piety in Fourth Century Rome: A Relic Shrine Beneath the Church of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo." &lt;em&gt;Hortus Artium Medievalium&lt;/em&gt; 15, no. 1. 2009.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="639">
                <text>Reconstruction by Ana Munk; permission granted for non-commercial, educational purposes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="86">
        <name>Culture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>Domestic Living</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>Italy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="18">
        <name>Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>Sacred Spaces</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="106">
        <name>San Giovanni e Paolo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="148" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="154">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/7c29d8ab93020f1dc4dc4caf29af58b5.jpg</src>
        <authentication>5f2cdca45c5a16c58c483eb110243aaa</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="591">
                <text>Ss. Giovanni e Paolo</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="640">
                <text>Modern-day, outside image of the Basilica of Sts. John and Paul on the Caelian Hill in Rome (Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio). The aristocratic domus was converted </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="641">
                <text>Wikimedia Commons: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Basilique_Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_de_Rome.JPG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="642">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="743">
                <text>LPLT</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="86">
        <name>Culture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>Domestic Living</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="82">
        <name>Domus</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>Italy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="18">
        <name>Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>Sacred Spaces</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="106">
        <name>San Giovanni e Paolo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="149" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="155">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/11fe7029a8ee7439c5d5a0e543a6e4c2.tiff</src>
        <authentication>a43a676a0f1cc240d8e2fa24799f48b8</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="592">
                <text>Distribution of Mithraea in Ostia, Third Century</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="744">
                <text>This map shows all fifteen Mithraea, archaeologically attested thus far. Eight date to the third century, four early in that century and four late.  Devotion to Mithras coexisted among Ostians with the imperial cult and traditional Roman gods.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="745">
                <text>plotted by Doug Boin; based on map of Ostia from Archivio Disegni, Ostia Antica 11689</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="746">
                <text>Boin, Doug.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Ostia in Late Antiquity&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="747">
                <text>2016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="110">
        <name>Cultural</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>Italy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="94">
        <name>Map</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="108">
        <name>Mithraea</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="44">
        <name>Ostia</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="109">
        <name>Pagans</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="18">
        <name>Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="150" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="156">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/9e56e166947b144b3d76d305e944266f.tiff</src>
        <authentication>508c7584646fc985435b1a41bd8e8241</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="10">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="40">
                  <text>Homes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="41">
                  <text>domestic space and daily life</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="42">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele, Alaric Powell</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="593">
                <text>Plan of "Casa de los Marmoles" Domus, Emerita, Hispania (4th; 5th-6th centuries CE)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="748">
                <text>These are plans of the so-called "Casa de los Marmoles" domus in Emerita, Hispania. The trapezoidal design had to accommodate available space, although the domus was still organized around the central peristyle, or courtyard, and opened up into a dining room called a triclinium and two bath complexes. While the floor apparently was plain marble, the walls were covered with mosaics, some of which are currently lost. Built in the fourth century (top), the domus was modified in the fifth and sixth centuries (below) so as to contain multiple apartments for different families and allow the courtyard to serve as common pasture.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="749">
                <text>Alba Calzado, 1997</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="750">
                <text>Arce, Javier et al. "The Urban Domus in Late Antique Hispania: Examples from Emerita, Barcino and Complutum." &lt;em&gt;Housing in Late Antiquity: From Palaces to Shops&lt;/em&gt;. Boston: Brill, 2007.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="751">
                <text>1997</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1167">
                <text>permission pending for educational, non-commercial use</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="78">
        <name>Casa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="77">
        <name>Casa de los Marmoles</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>Domestic Living</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="82">
        <name>Domus</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="81">
        <name>Hispania</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="79">
        <name>House</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="13">
        <name>spain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="151" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="157">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/505cd9be6bff421fda84b787b2c6833d.tiff</src>
        <authentication>1796eec2c5c9701b09b2c0fa5f412049</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="10">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="40">
                  <text>Homes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="41">
                  <text>domestic space and daily life</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="42">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele, Alaric Powell</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="594">
                <text>Villa del Casale (Renovation), Piazza Armerina, Sicily</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="752">
                <text>This is an aerial shot of Villa del Casale taken by helicopter, now being reconstructed. One can see some of the reconstructed roof as well as the temporary plastic covering.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="753">
                <text>Patrizio Pensabene and Enrico Gallocchio</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="754">
                <text>Patrizio Pensabene and Enrico Gallocchio, "The Villa del Casale of Piazza Armerina," &lt;em&gt;Expedition&lt;/em&gt; 53, no. 2. 2011.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="755">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="756">
                <text>Photo released by Patrizio Pensabene; permission granted for educational, non-commercial use</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="86">
        <name>Culture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>Domestic Living</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="82">
        <name>Domus</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="85">
        <name>Housing</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>Italy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="83">
        <name>Sicily</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>Society</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="84">
        <name>Villa</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
