<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://livinglateantiquity.org/items/browse?collection=9&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-10-24T12:28:24+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>29</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="234" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="250">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/f94bee8aec4087166d9a376f0de64933.jpg</src>
        <authentication>3a037c0af742df0dc75895dd023a8693</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1147">
                <text>Courtyard of the Great Mosque of Aleppo in 2016, during the Syrian Civil War</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1148">
                <text>Both the Great Mosque of Aleppo and the Great Mosque of Damascus were built in the same year: 715 CE. The structure in Damascus has been largely spared during the Syrian Civil War, but the same cannot be said for Aleppo. The structure there has suffered severe damage, particularly between 2012 and 2013, and the destruction is still visible in this photograph from December 2016.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1149">
                <text>Omar Sanadiki</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1150">
                <text>https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-mosque/after-siege-aleppos-famed-umayyad-mosque-is-damaged-but-endures-idUSKBN1430UD</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1151">
                <text>Reuters</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1152">
                <text>13 December 2016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1153">
                <text>Fair use</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="267">
        <name>Aleppo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="261">
        <name>Islam</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="266">
        <name>Mosque</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="268">
        <name>Syria</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="269">
        <name>Syrian Civil War</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="298">
        <name>Umayyad</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="233" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="249">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/2f8fe7093aaa6aa6cf1255b0e6275329.jpg</src>
        <authentication>7f8f23ce175808e5ef1c6f31bd6e5721</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1143">
                <text>The Dome of the Rock and the Dome of the Chain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1144">
                <text>To the left of this image is the Dome of the Rock, while on the right is the Dome of the Chain. The latter building is a Muslim prayer house constructed at the same time as the Dome of the Rock, in 691 CE.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1145">
                <text>Douglas Boin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1146">
                <text>July 2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="277">
        <name>Dome of the Chain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="276">
        <name>Dome of the Rock</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="261">
        <name>Islam</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="279">
        <name>Jerusalem</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="280">
        <name>Prayer</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="278">
        <name>Temple Mount</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="298">
        <name>Umayyad</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="232" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="248">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/ab6a72bc5baa1268a69e24db98815971.jpg</src>
        <authentication>9c0f4215487c5a024065d1bfc1524b0e</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1137">
                <text>The Foundation Stone</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1138">
                <text>A photograph of the Foundation Stone, located at the center of the Dome of the Rock. Islamic tradition from the Hadith maintains that Muhammad traveled to this location during the Night Journey (&lt;em&gt;al-’Isrā’ wal-Mi‘rāj&lt;/em&gt;).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1139">
                <text>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1140">
                <text>Wikimedia Commons</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1141">
                <text>c. 1900-1920</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1142">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="276">
        <name>Dome of the Rock</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="261">
        <name>Islam</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="279">
        <name>Jerusalem</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="281">
        <name>Night Journey</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="278">
        <name>Temple Mount</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="298">
        <name>Umayyad</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="231" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="247">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/749603dee02fff255fea85c302dbfc8b.jpg</src>
        <authentication>be0c70860630441ffcd47f6b6a68a26f</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1133">
                <text>View of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1134">
                <text>In this picture, both of the domes of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher and the Dome of the Rock are visible. The two have virtually the same dimensions, which scholars have suggested was a conscious decision by the architects of the Islamic structure to suggest that the new religion had supplanted Christianity.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1135">
                <text>Douglas Boin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1136">
                <text>August 2006</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="257">
        <name>Byzantine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="285">
        <name>Church</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="284">
        <name>Church of the Holy Sepulcher</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="276">
        <name>Dome of the Rock</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="286">
        <name>Domes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="261">
        <name>Islam</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="279">
        <name>Jerusalem</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="280">
        <name>Prayer</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="278">
        <name>Temple Mount</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="298">
        <name>Umayyad</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="203" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="209">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/64f8451c2241a2236d8a62fb9bd321c2.tiff</src>
        <authentication>878a3acbb8cc19314b33ad9e76c166ba</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="921">
                <text>Shrine at the Horrea (Granary) of Hortensius</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="922">
                <text>Doug Boin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="923">
                <text>Boin, Doug. &lt;em&gt;Ostia in Late Antiquity&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="924">
                <text>2016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="925">
                <text>Doug Boin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="948">
                <text>This private shrine once existed within a busy granary in the port city of Ostia. According to the mosaic below the altar, Hortensius served as a captain of a naval fleet at Misenum. Having made a vow to unspecified gods, the captain paid out of his own pockets for the construction of this shrine - the altar and the commemorative plaque. The altar stood in front of a podium which once supported a cult image. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>Italy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="44">
        <name>Ostia</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>Production Space</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="18">
        <name>Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="201" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="207">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/d7df15647a6c94d249fac68a01ee843a.tiff</src>
        <authentication>ce90059e69e3a0d26ade67bb33fd5e89</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="916">
                <text>Map of Ostia Showing Late Antique Domestic and Work-Place Shrines</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="917">
                <text>Doug Boin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="918">
                <text>Boin, Doug. &lt;em&gt;Ostia in Late Antiquity&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="919">
                <text>2016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="920">
                <text>Doug Boin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="938">
                <text>This map of Ostia details seventeen identified household and work-place shrines, all datable to the third century, meant for private devotion. These sites included distinct spaces meant for honoring household gods. Remember too that non-monumental domestic spaces were more easily lost to the archaeological record. The remains here must constitute only a fraction of what once constituted domestic devotional spaces in Ostia's heyday.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>Italy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="94">
        <name>Map</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="95">
        <name>Mappa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="44">
        <name>Ostia</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="18">
        <name>Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="199" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="205">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/31ca79313dbfb5c6dea51acce8ba2a9a.tiff</src>
        <authentication>4de7c95f04bfa36d44f44e74487b4062</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="904">
                <text>Lulav, Ethrog, Menorah, and Shofar on the Corbel of the Ostia Synagogue</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="905">
                <text>Close-Up of a corbel from the remaining structure of the Ostia synagogue, with a clearly discernible menorah</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="906">
                <text>Doug Boin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="907">
                <text>Boin, Doug.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Ostia in Late Antiquity&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="908">
                <text>2016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="909">
                <text>Doug Boin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="57">
        <name>Constantinople</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="86">
        <name>Culture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="115">
        <name>Hagia Eirene</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="116">
        <name>Inscriptions</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="59">
        <name>Istanbul</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="58">
        <name>Turkey</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="188" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="194">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/52b5a72199e5b6a4d50cdb5e9bb6c796.jpg</src>
        <authentication>14fffcce372c2c4b7282a839c595448d</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="847">
                <text>Hagia Eirene, Constantinople</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="851">
                <text>Commissioned in 360 by Constantine, the Hagia Eirene could be said to physically represent the Christian side of his policy of toleration alongside the traditionally Roman Capitolium.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="852">
                <text>Wikimedia Commons</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="853">
                <text>Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hagia_Eirene_inside.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="57">
        <name>Constantinople</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="115">
        <name>Hagia Eirene</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="59">
        <name>Istanbul</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="58">
        <name>Turkey</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="161" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="167">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/6dac6537022be12040e721bf2bcb5bf6.tiff</src>
        <authentication>5922b373415526f5d95fd23831f58ad8</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="604">
                <text>Synagogue at Ostia, Fourth Century</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="839">
                <text>While the initial creation of the synagogue in Ostia by its Jewish community remains unclear, this plan shows the synagogue in its final phase, after the fourth century. The structure itself probably dates back at the very latest to the early third century. The latest phase included the addition of a courtyard, east of the assembly hall (14), and communal gathering space (18). An inscription found on the site, dating to the third century, and reused in the fourth century floor of the assembly hall, notes the Torah Ark was dedicated by a Mindius Faustus on behalf of the health of the Roman emperor. This shows the degree of civic acculturation by Ostia's Jewish community, similar to its devotees of Mithras.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="840">
                <text>Michael White, UT-Austin/Ostia Synagogue Area Project</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="841">
                <text>Boin, Doug.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Ostia in Late Antiquity&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="842">
                <text>2016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="843">
                <text>Doug Boin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="86">
        <name>Culture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>Italy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="114">
        <name>Judaism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="44">
        <name>Ostia</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="18">
        <name>Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="113">
        <name>Synagoge</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="160" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="218">
        <src>https://livinglateantiquity.org/files/original/52915a10edcfdd5474db67041dac870f.tiff</src>
        <authentication>8474a427397229f28facc88c6ad15087</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37">
                  <text>Sacred</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="38">
                  <text>domestic and public sacred spaces and piety of traditional Roman religion, Christians, and Jews</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Joel G. Cerimele</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="603">
                <text>Apotropaic Amulet from Ostia, Second to Fourth Century</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="844">
                <text>Doug Boin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="845">
                <text>Boin, Doug. &lt;em&gt;Ostia in Late Antiquity&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="846">
                <text>2016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="854">
                <text>Dated somewhere between the second and fourth centuries, this apotropaic amulet from Ostia exemplifies the eclectic, pragmatic, and individual nature of late antique devotion. The amulet would be worn either as a pendant or around the neck. The amulet was inscribed with an invocation of "Solomon," borrowed Jewish legend and having become known among most in the Mediterranean as a powerful magician. Solomon may or may not be represented in the figure, carrying a wand or staff, placed alongside a healing caduceus. However, the back clearly shows three priestesses of Hecate surrounded by stars. They are either positively associated with serpents as symbols of healing and fertility or apotropaically trampling them. On either side are stylized constellations. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The wearer might not have been aware of all the cultural origins of the symbols, which had by this time entered a magical&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;koine&lt;/em&gt;. "Solomon" might have been included merely for his magical associations and associations with foreignness par excellence. Mere invocation of an exotic Jewish feel possessed imaginative power. Hence these signs from different cultures could be recombined into a system of magical power. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the textual equivalent of such pragmatic eclecticism in late antiquity in spells and invocations, see the collection of so-called Papyri Graecae Magicae (PGM), or "Greek Magical Papyri," which date widely between the second century BCE and fifth century CE. These, like the Ostian amulet, include free associations of gods and concepts from many Mediterranean cultures, all in the Hellenistic milieu, including Mesopotamia, Palestine, Egypt, and Greece.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For further secondary discussion and translation, given that textual sources are largely beyond the purview of this website, see&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K0hCj5u3HNQC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;dq=Greek+Magical+Papyri&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjb3NrkrvTXAhVH7oMKHd4IC_QQ6wEIKTAA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=Greek%20Magical%20Papyri&amp;amp;f=false" title="Greek Magical Papyri in Translation" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation, Including the Demotic Spells&lt;/em&gt;, edited by Hans Dieter Betz. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="111">
        <name>Amulet</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Ancient Greece</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Ancient Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Byzantium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>Christianity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Cities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="86">
        <name>Culture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Early Middle Ages</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="27">
        <name>Fall of Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>Italy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>late antique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Late Antiquity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Medieval</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="44">
        <name>Ostia</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="112">
        <name>Paganism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="10">
        <name>roman empire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="18">
        <name>Rome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>Urbanism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
